Be Energy South Africa
regeneration solutions

How does a lead-acid battery work?
Understanding the discharge and recharge cycle

Lead-acid batteries follow an operating cycle based on two essential stages: discharge and recharge.

In the discharge phase, when a battery is stressed, a chemical reaction takes place. The internal plates gradually become covered with lead sulfate, while the electrolyte, composed of sulfuric acid, loses its concentration and transforms into distilled water.

In the recharging phase, this phenomenon is reversed. The energy supplied returns the lead plates to their original state, while the electrolyte regains its original composition, allowing the battery to be used again.

This cyclical process ensures that batteries function properly, but over time, the build-up of sulfate can impair their performance. Regeneration helps extend their lifespan and optimize their efficiency.

A few words to help you understand what a sulphated battery is

Battery regeneration in South Africa: a sustainable and cost-effective solution

What is battery regeneration?

Which Batteries Can Be Regenerated?

• Starter batteries – Designed to deliver high current in a short time, they require a discharge limited to 20% to maintain longevity.
• Slow-discharge batteries (traction batteries) – Engineered for deep discharges of up to 80%, these batteries can be recharged multiple times.
• Stationary batteries – Similar to traction batteries, but optimized for low maintenance, they are widely used for emergency power and autonomous energy systems.

Battery regeneration is a cost-effective and sustainable solution for optimizing battery use in South Africa, particularly in the telecommunications, transport, and renewable energy sectors.

When is battery regeneration not feasible?

While regeneration can restore the performance of lead-acid batteries and extend their lifespan, it is not always possible. Some batteries cannot be recovered when:

• The lead plates are too oxidized, preventing any effective electrochemical reaction.
• The electrolyte is insufficient or has completely disappeared, making recharging and regeneration impossible.

In such cases, the battery naturally reaches the end of its life cycle, typically after 15 to 20 years, depending on usage and maintenance. When a battery is too damaged to be regenerated, recycling becomes the best option to reduce its environmental impact.

Does your battery need regeneration?

Over time, battery capacity naturally decreases due to several factors:

• Incomplete charge and discharge cycles, which accelerate sulfation.
• High temperatures, affecting internal chemical reactions.
• Excessively high sulfuric acid concentrations, leading to premature wear.
• Prolonged storage without recharging, which degrades battery performance.

If you notice reduced performance, start-up difficulties, or signs of battery failure, it may be time for regeneration. This process restores capacity, extends lifespan, and prevents premature replacement.